📕书籍信息
- 书名：Determined
- 作者：Robert M. Sapolsky
- 豆瓣评分：⭐8.7
- 出版社：Penguin Press
- isbn：9780525560975
- 出版日期：2023-10-17
- 价格：USD 32.00
- 豆瓣：Determined
🌵内容简介
【编辑推荐】：
One of our great behavioral scientists, the bestselling author of Behave, plumbs the depths of the science and philosophy of decision-making to mount a devastating case against free will, an argument with profound consequences.
Robert Sapolsky’s Behave, his now classic account of why humans do good and why they do bad, pointed toward an unsettling conclusion: we may not grasp the precise marriage of nature and nurture that creates the physics and chemistry at base of human behavior, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. Now, in Determined, Sapolsky takes his argument all the way, mounting a brilliant (and in his inimitable way, delightful) full-frontal assault on the pleasant fantasy that there’s some separate self telling our biology what to do.
Determined offers a marvelous synthesis of what we know about how consciousness works—the tight weave between reason and emotion, and between stimulus and response, in the moment and over a life. One by one, Sapolsky tackles all the major arguments for free will and takes them out, cutting a path through the thickets of chaos and complexity science and quantum physics, as well as touching ground on some of the wilder shores of philosophy. He shows us that the history of medicine is in no small part the history of learning that fewer and fewer things are somebody’s “fault”; for example, for centuries we thought seizures were a sign of demonic possession. Yet as he acknowledges, it’s very hard, and at times impossible, to uncouple from our zeal to judge others, and to judge ourselves. Sapolsky applies the new understanding of life beyond free will to some of our most essential questions around punishment, morality, and living well together.By the end, Sapolsky argues that while living our daily lives recognizing that we have no free will is going to be monumentally difficult, doing so is not going to result in anarchy, pointlessness and existential malaise. Instead, it will make for a much more humane world.
📣听过的人说…
🧐讀書筆記 –
非常挑战的一本书。如同作者自己再三强调的，本书旨在讨论自我认知的一个核心问题：人有没有自由意志。
作者属于强决定论。他认为人没有自由意志——所有行为都由物理规律、过往经历等“前因”决定。
作者的观点不是主流。当下大多认为决定论和自由意志不冲突，两者可以共存。对我来说，这本书最精彩的是作者从大脑神经学和其他学科多方面论证为什么自由意志与决定论无法共存。从这些论证里，我第一次接触到许多新的知识，大大开阔了我的眼界。
学到的有意思的内容包括：
1）实验一：在人面前放一个按钮，同时检测大脑做决定的部位。在我们伸手按按钮的瞬间前，神经元已经完成了决定。 结论：自由意志即使有，也晚于我们的神经反应。
2）实验二：大脑有特定部位执行“决定”的智能。当这些部位被触动的时候，本人会觉得自己做了决定，哪怕其实没有。此外，当我们触动运动神经的时候，身体会做出反应哪怕我们自己没有意识到。 结论：自由意志既无法完全控制决定，也无法控制行动。
3）中风是另一个证明。中风厚患者大脑某些神经受到损伤。在这种情况下，哪怕有…
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